The Ministry of Interior is one of the most important ministries in the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The significance of such a ministry necessitates a thorough study of its historical background, identification of its current status (competencies, structure, and duties), and a comparative analysis with other countries to develop a practical and objective model. The present report is based on inquiries regarding the legal and statutory position, competencies, and duties of the Ministry of Interior of South Korea. The research findings indicate that the position of the Ministry of Interior is defined in the “Government Organization Act,” and the ministry’s competencies revolve around coordinating and supporting local governments, disaster management, administration of governmental affairs, and civil services. The Ministry of Interior of Korea is formed based on the principles of decentralization and local self-governance, which are closely linked to modern public administration. In the field of government administration and civil services, the ministry plays a leading role through active management and the implementation of digital and open government. Overall, considering the list of duties and its areas of competence, the Ministry of Interior of South Korea does not have a political or security nature. The examination of the Ministry’s competencies reveals its role as an intermediary between the government and citizens; this ministry mediates both at the central and local government levels and provides grounds for citizens’ oversight and participation in decision-making and execution processes. Therefore, the greatest responsibility for achieving participatory democracy in South Korea lies with its Ministry of Interior.